Abstract: Coadjoint orbits are orbits for the action of a Lie group on the dual of its Lie algebra. They carry a natural symplectic structure and are models for homogeneous systems in classical mechanics. Gibbs measures on these orbits provide a natural setting for models of thermodynamic systems. We say that a coadjoint orbit carries a Gibbs ensemble if the set of all $x$, for which the function $\alpha \mapsto e^{-\alpha(x)}$ on the orbit is integrable with respect to the Liouville measure, has non-empty interior $\Omega_\lambda$. We describe a classification of all coadjoint orbits with this property.
In the context of Souriau's Lie group thermodynamics, the subset $\Omega_\lambda$ is the geometric temperature, a parameter space for a family of Gibbs measures on the coadjoint orbit. The corresponding Fenchel--Legendre transform maps $\Omega_\lambda$ (modulo central shifts) diffeomorphically onto the interior of the convex hull of the coadjoint orbit $\cO_\lambda$. This provides an interesting perspective on the underlying information geometry.
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